{"id":640,"date":"2025-07-04T00:27:59","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T16:27:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.echoyang.tw\/enjoylife\/?p=640"},"modified":"2025-07-13T16:18:14","modified_gmt":"2025-07-13T08:18:14","slug":"communication-lasswell-5w","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.echoyang.tw\/enjoylife\/communication-lasswell-5w\/","title":{"rendered":"5W\u30015W1H\u300c\u516d\u5408\u6cd5\u300d\uff0c\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5be6\u52d9\u61c9\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7db2\u8def\u4e16\u754c\u8207\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u8b93\u6578\u4f4d\u5a92\u9ad4\u8207\u884c\u92b7\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u300c\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7\u300d\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u8207\u54c1\u724c\u4e4b\u9593\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\u300c\u6a4b\u6a11\u300d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u8d77\u50b3\u64ad\u5b78\u7684\u56db\u5927\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u300c\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u300d(Harold Dwight Lasswell)\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5df2\u6578\u64da\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u300c\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f\u300d\u4f9d\u820a\u5341\u5206\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8207\u5be6\u7528\uff0c\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u884c\u92b7\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u54c1\u724c\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u6eff\u8db3\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u662f\u8ab0<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u4ecb\u7d39<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e(Harold Dwight Lasswell) 1902-1978 \uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u65bc1922\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c1926\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u66fe\u7d93\u5728\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u662f20\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u4f4d\u8de8\u9818\u57df\u91cd\u8981\u5b78\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7d50\u5408\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u50b3\u64ad\u5b78\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u65bc1936\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u767c\u8868\u7684World Politics and Personal Insecurity\u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c07\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a\u8ab0\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u4f55\u6642\u8207\u5982\u4f55\u5f97\u5230\uff1f\u9019\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u50b3\u64ad\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b1b\u8ff0\u653f\u5e9c\u5982\u4f55\u85c9\u7531\u5a92\u9ad4\u5f71\u97ff\u5927\u773e\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8207\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u767c\u88685\uff37\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u524d\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u89c0\u9ede\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u91cd\u8981\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u5c0d\u50b3\u64ad\u9818\u57df\u8ca2\u737b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1948\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u65bc\u300a\u793e\u6703\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u529f\u80fd\u300b(Structure and Function of Communication in Society)\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u50b3\u64ad\u4e94\u5927\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f5W\u300d\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u6574\u500b\u50b3\u64ad\u754c\u65e9\u671f\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7528\u65bc\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u3001\u5ee3\u544a\u3001\u884c\u92b7\u3001\u516c\u95dc\u5ba3\u50b3\u7b49\u90fd\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u50b3\u64ad\u5167\u90e8\u7d50\u69cb\u4f5c\u70ba\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9032\u884c\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u6a21\u578b\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u5f8c\u4e16\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u91dd\u5c0d\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3001\u88dc\u5145\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f5W<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\uff37ho says What in Which channel to Whom with What effect\uff1f\u201d<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u7684\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\u201c\uff37ho said What in Which channel to Whom with What effect\uff1f\u201d\u300c\u8ab0\u50b3\u64ad\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u900f\u904e\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6e20\u9053\uff1f\u8b93\u8ab0\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\uff1f\u5f8c\u7e8c\u9020\u6210\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8207\u6548\u679c\uff1f\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u5316\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u62c6\u89e3\u6210\u300cWHO\u300d\u3001\u300c\uff37HAT\u300d\u3001\u300cWHY\u300d\u3001\u300cWHEN\u300d\u3001\u300cWHERE\u300d5\uff37\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u5e38\u807d\u5230\u82f1\u6587\u7591\u554f\u53e5\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8f3e\u8f49\u4e5f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73fe\u5728\u300c\u63a7\u5236\u5206\u6790\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5167\u5bb9\u5206\u6790\u300d\u3001\u300c\u53d7\u773e\u5206\u6790\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5a92\u9ad4\u6e20\u9053\u5206\u6790\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6548\u679c\u5206\u6790\u300d\u7b49\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u7528\u65bc\u65b0\u805e\u5beb\u4f5c\u3001\u884c\u92b7\u5ee3\u544a\u7b56\u7565\u767c\u60f3\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u985e\u54c1\u8cea\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u6c7a\u8207\u5206\u6790\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u61c9\u7528\u6b64\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u898f\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u516d\u4f55\u6cd5\u53c8\u7a31\u300c5W1H\u300d\u6700\u65e9\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u82f1\u570b\u4f5c\u5bb6Rudyard Kipling\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u5230\u4e865W1H\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6f14\u8b8a\u5230\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u516d\u4f55\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5409\u535c\u6797(Rudyard Kipling)1865-1936\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7372\u5f97\u82f1\u6587\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u6587\u5b78\u734e\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\uff0c\u65bc1902\u5e74\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u539f\u4f86\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u300b(Just\u202fSo\u202fStories)\u4e2d\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u5947\u7684\u5c0f\u8c61\u70ba\u4e86\u77ad\u89e3\u9c77\u9b5a\u5403\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u9f3b\u5b50\u88ab\u62c9\u9577\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u88e1\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\uff1a\u6211\u6709\u516d\u500b\u50d5\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u6559\u6703\u4e86\u6211\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u540d\u5b57\u662f\u300cWhat\u300d\u3001\u300cWhere\u300d\u3001\u300cWhen\u300d\u3001\u300cHow\u300d\u3001\u300cWhy\u300d\u3001\u300cWho\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\uff08\u5716\u7247\u8207\u8a69\u6b4c\u8cc7\u6599\u53c3\u8003\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/americanliterature.com\/author\/rudyard-kipling\/poem\/the-elephants-child-poem<\/a>\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I Keep six honest serving-men:
(They taught me all I knew)
Their names are What and Where and When
And How and Why and Who.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u66fe\u7d93\u64d4\u4efb\u904e\u8a18\u8005\u7684\u5409\u535c\u6797\uff0c\u904b\u75285W1H\u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u5b57\uff0c\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u64b0\u5beb\u3001\u5206\u6790\u3001\u63d0\u554f\u7b49\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u5f8c\u4e16\u5c0d\u65bc\u65b0\u805e\u5beb\u4f5c\u8207\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u516d\u4f55\u6cd5\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7\u70ba\u65b9\u5411\u9032\u884c\u61c9\u7528\uff0d\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f5W<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u904b\u7528\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\uff15W\uff0c\u4f86\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u5167\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\uff15\uff37<\/strong><\/td>\u5167\u5bb9\u8aaa\u660e<\/strong><\/td>\u5c0d\u61c9\u73fe\u4ee3\u5167\u5bb9<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Who<\/strong><\/td>\u50b3\u64ad\u8005\uff0f\u6563\u5e03\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\u54c1\u724c\u65b9\u3001\u96fb\u5546\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u7db2\u7d05\u81ea\u5a92\u9ad4\u5275\u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
said What<\/strong><\/td>\u5167\u5bb9\uff0f\u8a0a\u606f\uff0f\u65b9\u5411<\/strong><\/td>\u54c1\u724c\u540d\u8072\u3001\u7522\u54c1\u3001\u7bc0\u65e5\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5ba3\u5c0e\u3001\u8cbc\u6587\u5f71\u7247\u5167\u5bb9<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
in Which Channel<\/strong><\/td>\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u7ba1\u9053<\/strong><\/td>\uff2deta\u793e\u7fa4\u3001Google\u641c\u5c0b\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u7db2\u8def\u3001\u8ad6\u58c7\u3001YouTube<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
to Whom<\/strong><\/td>\u53d7\u773e\uff0f\u63a5\u53d7\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\u54c1\u724c\u611b\u597d\u8005\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u3001\u9078\u6c11\u5927\u773e\u3001\u6703\u54e1\u3001\u7c89\u7d72\u8ffd\u8e64\u8005<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
with What Effect<\/strong><\/td>\u50b3\u64ad\u7684\u6548\u679c<\/strong><\/td>\u54c1\u724c\u66dd\u5149\u8a8d\u8b58\u3001\u7522\u54c1\u8cfc\u8cb7\u884c\u52d5\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u6539\u8b8a\u3001\u652f\u6301\u8a02\u95b1<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b5\uff37\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5df2\u7d93\u662f\u50b3\u64ad\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u4e86\uff0c\u4f9d\u820a\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u79d1\u6280\u518d\u9032\u6b65\u8207\u767c\u9054\uff0c\u624b\u6a5f\u3001\u7db2\u8def\u3001\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u90fd\u96e2\u4e0d\u958b\u9019\u500b\u7bc4\u570d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u90fd\u80fd\u5957\u7528\u5230\u884c\u92b7\u8207\u4f01\u5283\u5c08\u6848\u7684\u63a8\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Who\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u54c1\u724c\u7aef\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u4f01\u696d\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u50b3\u64ad\u8005\uff0cWhat\u5c31\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u6e9d\u901a\u8207\u6563\u4f48\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u81f3\u65bcWhich Channel\u5c31\u662f\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u50cf\u662fGoogle\u3001Meta\u793e\u7fa4\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u8ad6\u58c7\u7db2\u7ad9\u7b49\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u6e20\u9053\u9032\u884c\u901a\u77e5\u5ba3\u5e03\u8b93\u5927\u4ef2\u77e5\u9053\uff0cWhom\u5c31\u662f\u76ee\u6a19\u5c0d\u8c61\u3001\u53d7\u773e\uff08Target Audience\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5e38\u5e38\u8aaa\u5230\u7684TA\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u63a8\u5ee3\uff0c\u6700\u5f8cWhat Effect\u7522\u751f\u9810\u671f\u6548\u679c\u4f86\u9054\u6210\u539f\u672c\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u904b\u4f5c\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7\u6578\u5b57\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u52a0\u4e86\u89e3\u505a\uff15W\u5f8c\u7684\u6210\u6548\u5f8c\u8d8a\u505a\u8d8a\u4f73\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u300c5W1H\u300d\u516d\u4f55\u6cd5\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u300c\u54c1\u724c\u65b9\u300d\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7\u7684\u4f01\u5283\u5167\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u904b\u7528\uff15W\uff11H\u516d\u5408\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u898f\u5283\u8207\u904b\u4f5c\u54c1\u724c\u65b9\u7684\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u300cWhat\u300d\u3001\u300cWhere\u300d\u3001\u300cWhen\u300d\u3001\u300cHow\u300d\u3001\u300cWhy\u300d\u3001\u300cWho\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What\uff08\u660e\u78ba\u627e\u51fa\u8207\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u524d\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u6838\u5fc3\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u660e\u78ba\u77e5\u9053\u76ee\u524d\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u8207\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u54c1\u724c\u66dd\u5149\u91cf\u592a\u5c11\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u65b0\u54c1\u7684\u92b7\u552e\u592a\u4f4e\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u6838\u5fc3\u5167\u5bb9\u5f8c\u5236\u5b9a\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u76ee\u6a19\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u554f\u984c\u9032\u884c\u63d0\u554f\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u8981\u8ddf\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Why\uff08\u627e\u5230\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4f01\u5283\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u6839\u64da\u554f\u984c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u505a\u9019\u500b\u4f01\u5283\uff0c\u662f\u516c\u53f8\u5e74\u5ea6\u76ee\u6a19\u9084\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u7bc0\u6176\u5982\uff1a618\u3001\u6bcd\u89aa\u7bc0\u3001\u9031\u5e74\u6176\u7b49\uff0c\u67d0\u500b\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u74b0\u4fdd\u610f\u8b58\u8207ESG\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e26\u52a0\u4ee5\u898f\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/strong>Who\uff08\u91d0\u6e05\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u914d\u7f6e\u8207\u53d7\u773e\u7814\u7a76\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u5305\u542b\u6c7a\u7b56\u8005\u3001\u57f7\u884c\u8005\u3001\u898f\u5283\u8005\u6e05\u695a\u554f\u984c\u6838\u5fc3\u8207\u539f\u56e0\u5f8c\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u53d7\u773e\u8f2a\u5ed3\u9032\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u89e3\u7fd2\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u76ee\u6a19\u65cf\u7fa4\u662f\u7537\u751f\u5973\u751f\u3001\u5e7e\u6b72\u4f4f\u5728\u54ea\u500b\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5a92\u9ad4\u6216\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u5076\u50cf\u3001\u6d88\u8cbb\u884c\u70ba\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Where\uff08\u78ba\u5b9a\u5730\u9ede\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u662f\u5a92\u9ad4\u6e20\u9053\u9032\u884c\u898f\u5283\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u53d7\u773e\u7fd2\u6163\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u5f8c\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u4f48\u5c40\uff0c\u5982\u53d7\u773e\u7d93\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528Meta\u5ee3\u544a\u3001Google\u5ee3\u544a\u3001Line\u5ee3\u544a\u3001\u65b0\u805e\u8ad6\u58c7\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u898f\u5283\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5716\u6587\u6216\u5f71\u97f3\u7d20\u6750\u9032\u884c\u66dd\u5149\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8981\u627e\u7db2\u7d05\u85dd\u4eba\u52a0\u6301\u7b49\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u54c1\u724c\u6709\u7121\u6b63\u9762\u6548\u61c9\u8207\u9054\u6210\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u8861\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When\uff08\u638c\u63e1\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u8207\u5236\u5b9a\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u638c\u63e1\u5ba3\u50b3\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u91dd\u5c0d\u7bc0\u65e5\u6216\u662f\u6d3b\u52d5\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u71b1\u8eab\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5ef6\u9577\u6d3b\u52d5\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4f86\u589e\u52a0\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5ea6\u8207\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u5ba3\u50b3\u671f\u52a0\u78bc\u5ee3\u544a\u9810\u7b97\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u5f37\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How\uff08\u5b8c\u6210\u63d0\u6848\u8207\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d9c\u5408\u524d\u9762\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u9032\u884c\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u4f01\u5283\u88fd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u5177\u9ad4\u53ef\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u63d0\u6848\u8207\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7db2\u7ad9\u516c\u53f8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u88fd\u4f5c\u6d3b\u52d5\u9801\uff0c\u7f8e\u7de8\u8a2d\u8a08\u8996\u89ba\u5716\u6587\u5f71\u97f3\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u5ee3\u544a\u6295\u653e\u624b\u91dd\u5c0d\u5404\u5a92\u9ad4\u6295\u653e\u91d1\u984d\u8207\u5efa\u8b70\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u843d\u5730\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u5167\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f5W\u3001\u516d\u5408\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u9069\u7528\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7\u8207\u5ee3\u544a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u85c9\u7531\u62c9\u65af\u5a01\u723e\u50b3\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f5W\u3001\u82075\uff37\uff11\uff28\u300c\u516d\u5408\u6cd5\u300d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6578\u4f4d\u884c\u92b7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u898f\u5283\uff0c\u627e\u904b\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5a92\u9ad4\u6e20\u9053\u8207\u5ee3\u544a\u6578\u64da\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u5206\u6790\u5404\u9805\u6307\u6a19\u6210\u6548\u662f\u5426\u6709\u9054\u6210\u9810\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u96a8\u6642\u8abf\u6574\u54c1\u724c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u7af6\u722d\u529b\uff01<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong>
Academia<\/a>
Onlinelibrary Wiley<\/a>
Britannica<\/a>
Cambridge University Press<\/a>
Jstor<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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